Oralist: Yue Jianhe, from January 2007 to February 2013, he was appointed as the head of Grapejia Township, Lankao County. From February 2013 to August 2018, he served as the Party Secretary of Grapejia Township. From August 2018 to December 2019, he served as the person in charge of Yifeng Horticultural Farm in Lankao County, and then served as a fourth-level researcher at the Lankao County People's Government.

  Interview group: Chen Si

  Date: 5th September 2024 pm and 6th morning

  Location: Conference Room of Lankao County Economic Development Zone Management Committee

3. Zhao Duolou's "spirituality"

  On the first day of the Lunar New Year, we entered the village to wish you a happy new year

  I have worked at the grassroots level for many years. In my opinion, the reason for poverty is that the region is not developing well, it is remote, backward, and has no industries. This place is already poor. Second, the problems of poor households themselves are diverse. This is because there are patients at home and lack of medical insurance. This is more common. Another reason is laziness. This is also caused by many reasons. For example, he has a few sisters, just a boy. His parents spoiled him since he was a child, so he developed the habit of laziness. When he grew up, he lost his support and became poor. Such people may have no problem solving food and clothing, but they have no savings. Once something happens to the family, they will be in trouble; and for example, a matchmaker, a bride price is given, and the family will be empty and poor. For example, if you don’t know how to do business, you have to do it blindly and lose money. These will cause family poverty.

  In the 1980s and 1990s, our country also helped poverty alleviation, but the focus of government departments at all levels is on emergency relief, not on poverty relief. How to say emergency? It is to provide assistance to poor households and give them some money. He passed the test and got rid of poverty during the assessment. This is called emergency rescue, it cannot save poverty, it is not a scientific method. Such poor households are a long-term poverty problem. If you support them in a short time, they will still be poor after spending their money because they have not been able to get poor! These households are like people who can walk normally after getting seriously ill, but they will fall again when they encounter hurdles, and they will even fall even worse than before.

  Therefore, what the Party Committee and the government really need to do is to guide poor households to get rid of poverty and become rich through labor and development industries, and to form stable income.

  In 2013, after I became the Party Secretary of Grapejia Township, I went to Zhaoduolou Village on the first day of the Lunar New Year. I didn't say hello in advance, but I just rushed to the village party secretary's house. The village party secretary was shocked when he saw me: "Secretary Yue, why don't you carry things?" I said: "What are you going to pay New Year's greetings! I'll come today. Click for me to see the 10 poorest households in this village. I'll go and see." I took a book and started visiting the households. As a result, as soon as I walked down, the 10 poorest households were really different from that, they were so poor!

  If you say you can’t eat enough or wear warm, then it won’t be. They can also eat dumplings, but the quality of life is too poor. To put it badly, the environment in the house is too dirty and cannot be lived in at all. One of them had a messy bed. As soon as I lifted the bed, a smell came up. The child's hair was so dirty that it felt like it was rolled out and his face was dark. I don't know how many days I haven't washed it. In some families, even the yard is smelly. There is another family with four children in the family. The clothes they wear are dirty and torn, and the room is full of garbage. When I saw his "New Year's Eve dinner" in his house, it was dark and I didn't know what was stewed.

  Where did Zhao Duolou's "motivation" go?

  The first day of the Lunar New Year is a day for the whole country to gather. After I ran through these 10 households, I felt very uncomfortable. I summoned these 10 households to the village room and held a meeting with the team members. I asked in a real way: "How many of these 10 households are eating the minimum living allowance? What is the specific reason for poverty?" The village checked and found that some of them had 5 people in the family who had ate the minimum living allowance; some of them had 4 people in the family who had ate the minimum living allowance; some of them had ills, and some were disabled. I had dinner with them at noon, and in the afternoon I called the village party members and held another meeting with these poor households. I said, "In 1963, the old secretary Jiao Yulu gave us a red flag to Zhao Duolou. What is the red flag?" The village cadres replied, "Zhao Duolou's motivation." I said, "I heard Zhao Duolou's motivation since I was a child, and you have also heard it since I was a child. Look, where is the motivation of Zhao Duolou now? What are the problems with Zhao Duolou?" I said there, the village cadres and party members were sitting there listening, their heads were drooping, their morale was very low, and they had no energy at all. I told them, "The 10 poorest households in the village, according to regulations, how many people in each household need to take minimum living allowance, we will first make a plan." The village party secretary said, "I will do it in the next two days." I said, "If it doesn't happen, I will do it today. I'll watch you do it." Next, they formulated a plan on the spot. I sat next to me, took out my cell phone and called the director of the Civil Affairs Office, and asked him to come to Zhaoduolou Village. The procedures for these 10 households were completed on the same day.

  I told these 10 families: "The minimum living security is completed, and you also have a task - the hygiene at home must be cleaned. During the New Year, you will live like this. It's so evil!" I asked them to clean up tomorrow for a day and evaluate it on the third day of the New Year. Whoever does a good job, I will give him a washbasin and three towels; if the one who does a bad job, I will give him a washbasin and two towels; if the one who does the best job, I will give him a basin and one towel.

  On the third day of the Chinese New Year, I went there early in the morning. I saw that every household was cleaned well and gave me prizes. On the fifth day of the Lunar New Year, my township was working, so I led members of the township party committee to Zhaoduolou Village to analyze the overall situation. There is no industry in this village, it just depends on growing wheat and corn. Everyone will hold a meeting to find ideas, what industries to develop, and how to do it in the future. Also, we need to improve the living environment in the village, which is much more difficult than the sanitation rectification of the people's homes. But if the rectification is done, it will benefit decades.

  There is a big pit in Zhaoduolou Village. Whose big pit belongs to this big pit? It was always a confusing debt. Zhang San said it belonged to Zhang San's family, and Li Si said it belonged to Li Si's family. Because of the age, the village has never made it clear. Because of the controversy, no one could fill the pit and make use of this land. I found that anyone living next to the pit was in poor health, including hemiplegia, cerebral thrombosis, and various diseases. What's going on? Because this pit is located in a relatively low terrain in the village, it rains heavily in summer, and the water in the entire village flows to that place. The accumulated water in the pit lasts for several months, and eventually it turns into sewage, emitting odor, polluting the air and groundwater. The water from the wells in the ordinary people's courtyard did not meet the standards.

  I called all the people in Zhao Duolou over and held a meeting to do the work of the people. I said, "I don't know who the big pit belongs to, and I can't stop the lawsuit for you. Instead of leaving it here and leaving it for a few hundred years, it's better to fill it in." The people said, "Just leave it, let's put it on. Why do you do it if you have nothing to do?" I said, "Don't you do it? This big pit is here, and the feng shui is not good." Some people said, "Hehe! Secretary Yue, what are you saying? You are a Communist cadre, how can you believe in feng shui?"

  I said, "The Feng Shui I am talking about is Feng and Water. This pit is the most subdued place in your village, right? Is the big pit smelly? Whenever the wind blows, it will blow into the house; is the water dirty? The water from several households next to you is muddy. Those who live next to you, please count them one by one, which one does not have a patient? Look at it, Feng Shui is just bad!" When the people heard this, they were stunned and began to discuss: "That's right, those families are sick. "I said, "Let's fill in the big hole. You have no money in this village. The village can support you, build a village room, put a health center, and build a sewer after it is done. But if you fill in the big hole, the village has to do it yourself. Party members and cadres take the lead first, and you don't pay any wages. The people do it too, so how much you should pay as much as you should pay. After filling it, the village will allocate funds to build a house. Our place will be clean in the future. Do you think it's better?"

  Everyone in the village agreed. When we started filling the big hole, party members and cadres took the lead. The people, especially those poor households, were also very active and ran away more quickly. Before the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, before the year was over, the pit was filled in a smooth manner. Later I went to see that not only the big pit was filled, but several small warehouses next to it that had broken walls and built privately were also demolished, leaving a good environment for the construction village.

  Forced to be "one size fits all"

  I went through all the 20 administrative villages in Grapejia Township, and checked every household clearly. I could point out the poor people in each village. At that time, there were 11 members of the team, and each of them had a village. I asked them to keep visiting and investigating.

  After walking through this, I held a township conference. According to national requirements, I sorted out and conveyed the standards of poor households and the minimum living allowance households, and pushed back all registered people in the township who took the minimum living allowance again. I said at the conference: "I feel very touched after seeing the poor households in Zhao Duolou. My family is so poor that they have not eaten the minimum living allowance; they have all let the relatives of these village cadres finish eating! I will set a rule in the future: all the close relatives of all members of the village's "two committees" team are not allowed to enter the minimum living allowance households, are not allowed to eat the minimum living allowance, and they cannot enjoy the renovation of dilapidated houses!"

  Some cadres immediately criticized me for being a "one-size-fits-all" one-size-fits-all. I said, "I'm going to cut it. I'll talk about this kind of chaos first!" The people also had a lot of rebounds, and there were always people who came to the village to look for me and went to my house to look for me. But I kept insisting. As a result, the leaders of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, the provincial party committee and the county party committee leaders went to Zhaoduolou Village for investigation, and someone came to "sample" me. The accountant in this village, his brother's child is disabled, he is 21 years old. He suffered from polio when he was a child, and his mouth was crooked and his eyes were oblique. I was reporting to the leaders at that time, and the accountant brother pushed the child to the village committee in a wheelchair. After he came out, he didn't say anything and stood in the house for a few minutes. When the leader saw him, I continued to report. After the report, he pushed the child and wanted to leave. I said, "Don't leave first. Since you pushed the child here, you must have something to do. Leaders at all levels are here, so tell the leader!"

  The accountant said, "Secretary Yue, like my situation, a child like this, should he take the minimum living allowance, right? Should he give it to me? I said, "I can't give it to you!" He said, "I don't give it to me because of why I don't give it to me." I said, "Why? I've been in the village all day long, and I know the situation of all households in the village. First, your younger brother is the accountant in the village. The rules I set: No one can take the minimum living allowance, no one can take the minimum living allowance. Second, your house has two floors and 8 rooms. Look at your income, it does not meet the standard of taking the minimum living allowance. If I call all the people in Zhao Duolou, all the leaders present will watch it. I don't say anything, and just ask everyone to say, should you be rated?" He didn't say anything, and pushed the child away. I said, "You can't leave. You push the child over here today. If you don't tell me, just leave?"

  The State Council Poverty Alleviation Office and the provincial leaders didn't say anything about this because they didn't understand the specific situation, but later they were still very satisfied with the overall situation. This incident is just a small episode, but this incident is based on the understanding of more than 30,000 households and more than 8,000 households. If we don’t understand the situation of each household, like this, pushing the child, if I don’t know what’s going on in his family, how can I deal with it? I made a fool of myself on the spot in front of the leader.

  Once, the then provincial party secretary came to our Grape Gang Township for investigation and started visiting at 8:30 in the morning. Before visiting, the provincial party secretary asked me, "Do you understand your poor household?" I said, "Understand!" "Do you know what the situation is at home?" "I know!" He said, "Can I order whatever I want?" "You click!" The provincial party secretary ordered a cooperative in our first stop, conducted research, and understood the specific situation. No matter what I asked, I could answer clearly.

  The main body of the cooperative's poverty alleviation is the local people. In fact, to put it bluntly, most of the people living at home in our town who currently do not have much ability and have gone out with some ability. Those with more ability are in big cities, those with more ability are in county towns, and almost all of them are rarely staying at home. Most of the people who live at home have low incomes. There is snobbishness among relatives and friends, but we and the people cannot be snobbish. If you have the ability, I have to deal with you well. If you have no ability, I have to help you more. How to help? This involves how to increase their income. Of course, it is usually just about working outside. As long as you have a little skill or labor ability, working outside can basically ensure the basic income of your family. The key point is those who have no skills and are relatively weak in labor and cannot go out to work. That is, they can help them develop their industries based on the fact that they grow this land well at home. We have developed the honey melon industry and the yellow peach industry. After several years of development, we have effectively increased farmers' income.

  In addition, I also reported to the provincial party secretary that with the support of the county, we did plate processing locally. Plate processing is a labor-intensive industry and is very targeted. It is placed in towns and is right at the doorstep of the people's homes. It can effectively increase employment and has a very good effect. The work in the people's fields has not been delayed. For example, if he planted a honey melon or a yellow peach, he could earn 5,000 yuan after planting a mu of land. At the same time, he can also work in the factory and get two incomes. This not only will he get rid of poverty in an instant, but he will also live a good life. But whether the sheet factory has absorbed all the poor households we arranged has been included? This requires us to verify and supervise from time to time. Not only urge the manufacturers, but also arrange the poor households we originally planned, and constantly urge him: "You can't fish for three days and dry the net for two days. If you do a job, you can do your best."

  The provincial party secretary learned in detail about the specific situation, understood our implementation, listened to my work ideas, and then went to Hezhuang Village to see it. He asked the village to hand over the list of poor households to him, so he started to click. I accompanied him to see which household to see it. A total of 4 households were visited. Each household's sanitation, necessary daily necessities, daily necessities, employment status, and policy implementation all met the standards. The poor households were also satisfied with the village "two committees" and the cadres in the township. The survey that day ranged from 8:30 in the morning to 12:30 in the afternoon.

  Our various industries that enrich the people have been well developed and have been recognized by the leaders of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office. At that time, a deputy director named Hong looked at many places in Lankao. When he went to Grapejia Township, he saw Hezhuang Village. The village's industries developed well and the environmental sanitation was also very good. The people were also very satisfied with the local village "two committees" team and township cadres. Deputy Director Hong had a meeting with us and had a meal there at noon. At noon, we made a sesame cake and a bowl of mutton soup. Later, Deputy Director Hong praised us at the conference several times.

  "Eliminate the root of poverty" one by one

  Labor-intensive industries can cover most of the poor in our towns and increase their employment and income. However, we cannot force poor households who are limited by their own conditions, lazy and have weak employment intentions, and can only do their work repeatedly by guiding and supervising.

  There is a disabled man in Hezhuang Village. He has disabled legs, prosthetic limbs, and walking with crutches. Although he has several acres of land, he has almost no ability to work. He didn't think about anything anymore and became decadent, intending to lie at home and eat the minimum living allowance until he died. The village cadres have looked for him many times, but it is useless. He said, "I'm like this, what else can I do?" How can I do this? I found him and learned that he had the skills to repair shoes. I said, "Can you pick up this business again?" He said, "I have been quitting for many years. Do people still repair shoes nowadays?" I said, "Now people repair shoes too. They are pretty good leather shoes. They are broken. They spend more than ten yuan to repair them, and they save money than buying a new pair." He thought for a while and said, "I'm idle. I'm idle, so I'll try again." He picked up the shoe repair skills again. As expected, there is still business, earning at least a few dozen yuan a day and at most hundreds of yuan. He can make a living by repairing shoes alone, and with the minimum living allowance, his life has improved a lot.

  There is a bachelor in Zhao Duolou, who is about 40 years old and is in good health because of his laziness and poverty. His parents had long disappeared, he didn't farm, and he couldn't marry his wife. I talked to him many times and repeatedly explained to him. I said, "You are still young and strong, and you plan to just mess around in this life?" He said, "I can't marry a wife anymore. Let's live by myself." I said, "Don't think about Duojun's eldest daughter, but as long as you don't have too high requirements, you can still marry a wife." When he heard this, his eyes lit up. But immediately drooped his head and said, "Then I can't marry you." I said, "I can marry you. The sloppy old man in his village next door, in his 70s, said he had a wife. The old couple lived a good life. You clean up the house and work and make money every day. It's not impossible to get married!" When he heard this, he seemed to be excited. He said, "Zhong, I'll live a good life." I said, "We're not going to finish it after we finish it, so we have to implement it for me." He said, "What is implementation?" I said, "It's just that we have to keep our word-I You know it's the township party secretary. "He said, "I know." I said, "I promise you that I will fight for you any support you need. I can also find work for you. You may not be beaten?" He said, "I will say, "I will express my opinion, what you can do, and what you are ready to do." He said, "I don't have the skills, but I have the strength to hold a mud bag for others (carry a cement bag). People can give me 30 yuan or 50 yuan." I said, "I will contact you for work, and if you contact me, you will do it."

  There is a poor household, a man in his 50s, who really knows nothing, can't farm well, and can't do physical work. I said, "If it really doesn't work, just collect the junk, just collect it in the nearby village. Collecting junk may make money." He agreed. I thought about how to get him a means of transportation, but he got an old farm tricycle and drove his car to collect rags, collect all kinds of waste, and even pick up and collect them. He likes to do this job very much, and he is busy all day long and has a good income.

  Zhaoduolou Village won a project from the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee, gave 1.6 million yuan, built more than 100 greenhouses, and planted honeydew melons. The collective economy in the village is developing very well. Zhang Jing, the captain of the village work team, organized poor households to book a shed. They have to pay 1,000 yuan a year to book this shed, but poor households have no money. What should I do? There is a girl in her 30s who have given birth to four children and are sick. The youngest one is congenital heart disease. She spent a lot of money to go to the big city to see a doctor, and her family is penniless. Her husband has been working in other places for a long time. This woman is always holding back her work at home, and she doesn't do all the work in the fields, and she doesn't do all the work at home, making a mess. The worst thing is that she doesn’t cook at home, so she goes to the small supermarket in the village to buy food when she is hungry. She had no money, and she was all on credit - she bought a few ham sausages, instant noodles, and noodles, and kept them all in the account. Her husband came back from the Spring Festival and paid back the money he earned for a year, and there was only a few left after paying it back. I talked to her and asked her to plant her own land, do the housework well, keep the housework well, cook for her children every day, and then contract two honeydew sheds. She said, "I won't do it!" I said, "If you don't do it, I will hold a conference, and let everyone of relatives and friends tell you. When you marry into this family, how did you become the wife of this family? Your husband is tired and exhausted all year round, and you shouldn't do anything at home!" She said, "Do you care about me! If the village secretary can take care of my family's affairs? If you hold a conference, I won't do it!" I became angry and said, "You are such a bad person! You don't make money all year round, and you also harm a lot of money. How can you treat a doctor without money? Is your child your child born?" My voice was a little loud, and the noise made her empty house echo. Her four Ni'er ran out to see. She pulled the child over, hugged her in her arms, and she burst into tears. When I saw it, she had touched her, so don't say more. I said, "The two villages in the village have arranged for you! I asked the branch secretary to come to you in the afternoon, so you can hurry up and go through the procedures." After that, I stood up and left without waiting for her to answer. Because she didn't work for a long time, she was not active in her work at the beginning. Our village work team urges her every day and forces her to do it every day, and lets her develop good habits. The two sheds, each covering an area of ​​about one acre, can plant two batches of honey melons and one batch of vegetables every year. This year I can get 20,000 yuan. The acres of land in her own home can satisfy the food and surplus food. In this way, she can produce rations and vegetables by herself for more than half a year, so she doesn't have to go to the convenience store to pay on credit all day. She can save more than half of the tens of thousands of dollars she gets back by the end of the year. She did work hard in the later stages and got rid of poverty very successfully. Later, she took the child to Shanghai, found a good doctor, and spent tens of thousands of yuan to perform an operation on the child, which completely cured the heart disease. The medical insurance has been reported for the tens of thousands of yuan.

  Later, we counted these poor people who were limited by their own conditions, had no idea, laziness, etc., and took one night every month to hold a meeting in the village. What to do during a meeting? Just evaluate them among them and ask them to stand up and report, telling them how much money they earned in this month, how much work they did, and when they planned to get rid of poverty. After they finished speaking, the cadres and the masses applauded them and praised them: "So seriously!" They were all people living in the corners, very marginal, but now they are pushed to a bright place, so that everyone can respect them, recognize them, build their confidence, and make them more motivated in labor.

  Those who are unable to work or who can't overcome this hurdle for various reasons need to directly implement the government's bottom-line assistance policy.

  There is a poor household in Dongzhuang Village. The first time I went to his house was a day before the wheat was harvested. The male owner has two daughters, one son and one father, who is in his 80s. I went to his house with the village party secretary. As soon as I entered his yard, I saw his father wearing a jacket and was wearing a pile of soil in the yard. We went in. The old man looked at us and greeted the old man, and he agreed listlessly. There was a boy and a girl in the room. The two children ran out and stood there and looked at us. The village party secretary introduced me, "This boy is in the third grade. The girl is in our junior high school in Lankao County. It's time to take the high school entrance exam. There is still a big Ni'er who is not left home." The village party secretary said to them again, "Ni'er, let me introduce you to Secretary Yue from our township." The girl said, "Hello Secretary Yue, I am a member of the Communist Youth League." I asked the girl, "Hello, where are your dad and your mom?" The girl said, "My mom has cancer, and my dad took my mom to chemotherapy." As she said that, the girl turned her mouth and tears were about to flow down her eyes. I said, "Miss, don't worry, uncle, ask you, where is your sister?" She said, "My sister just got admitted to Henan University and was in Zhengzhou for a freshman." I asked her, "How many people do you have? How many bites of minimum living allowance?" The girl said, "My family has 6 people, I have eaten a bite of minimum living allowance." I asked the branch secretary, "His family is so difficult, why just give it one?" The branch secretary said, "You are not saying it at the conference. No one can do it in the close relatives of the village's 'two committees' team. This old man is my uncle, I dare not do it for him. I still have to think about it. I don't want you to find out this, and you have to find it out again." When I heard this, my heart skipped a beat and tears almost fell. I said to the branch secretary, "Let's go back first."

  When I came back, I reflected: Should this situation be handled by his family? That should definitely be done. I quickly got all the minimum living allowances in his family, and all six people were given the minimum living allowance. In August, I went to his house again, but the couple still didn't leave the house and were outside for medical treatment. The children are all at home during the summer vacation, and their youngest daughter has already passed the Lankao High School entrance exam, and the tuition fee is about 5,000 yuan. The eldest daughter also needs tuition fees for going to college, and it also costs several thousand yuan. When I came back, I studied with the village, funded his family, and solved the tuition fees for the two girls. When I went to his house again in winter, the couple was still not at home. My little daughter was at home, and I said to her, "Uncle comes to see how your family is doing. Is it still lacking money?" The little girl said, "Uncle, our family doesn't need money anymore. Now when I get school, I go to the restaurant to wash dishes for others. After washing the bowls, they still care about my meal. Sometimes I have fewer bowls, so I give me 10 yuan. Sometimes I get more brushed, so I give me 20, 30, and 40 yuan. Once, I help with a lot of other work, and I give me 100 yuan. Now I have enough money, so I don't have money from the village." When the branch secretary and I heard this, I was very happy. Why is this little girl so good?

  Three years later, Xiaoni was admitted to university and Dani was admitted to graduate school. Their mother's cancer was not cured and she died. The man was originally a contractor, and he didn't have to take his wife to see a doctor everywhere, so he came back to continue working, and the family would be lifted out of poverty.

[Editor in charge: Wang Mengmeng]